The first form may have been a cry, then brief formulas repeated as incantations, such as “Come…hear me…have pity” (e.g., Algonkin Indians of North America). It is impossible to determine the historical precedence of one over the others, and it is difficult to describe the most rudimentary prayer because certain forms escape modern scholars, so much so that it has been assumed by some that prayer was absent in earliest religion. He often addresses his prayers, however, to various numina (spiritual powers): the dead, the divinities of nature, protective gods or actor gods, the Supreme Being localized somewhere in heaven, or a feminine divinity linked to the earth (i.e., the great mother). An adherent of a tribal religion is aware of his dependency both in relation to his tribe and to the Supreme Being. The practices and rites of contemporary tribal peoples might offer a glimpse into remnants of earlier forms of religious behaviour. Prayer is one of the most ancient expressions of religion. These include benedictions (blessings), litanies (alternate statements, titles of the deity or deities, or petitions and responses), ceremonial and ritualistic prayers, free prayers (in intent following no fixed form), repetition or formula prayers (e.g., the repetition of the name of Jesus in Eastern Orthodox Hesychasm, a quietistic monastic movement, or the repetition of the name of Amida Buddha in Japanese Pure Land Buddhism), hymns, doxologies (statements of praise or glory), and other forms. The forms that prayer takes in the religions of the world, though varied, generally follow certain fixed patterns. SpaceNext50 Britannica presents SpaceNext50, From the race to the Moon to space stewardship, we explore a wide range of subjects that feed our curiosity about space!.Learn about the major environmental problems facing our planet and what can be done about them! Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century.Britannica Beyond We’ve created a new place where questions are at the center of learning.100 Women Britannica celebrates the centennial of the Nineteenth Amendment, highlighting suffragists and history-making politicians.COVID-19 Portal While this global health crisis continues to evolve, it can be useful to look to past pandemics to better understand how to respond today.Student Portal Britannica is the ultimate student resource for key school subjects like history, government, literature, and more. ![]() Demystified Videos In Demystified, Britannica has all the answers to your burning questions. ![]()
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